Paeoniflorin, the main component of total glucosides of paeony (TGP), shows good\ntherapeutic effects in arthritis, but has low bioavailability when administered orally. Avoiding\nsuch a deficiency for topical administration would expand its clinical application. This study\naimed to avoid these limitations by using nanotechnology (ethosomes) and a physical approach\n(microneedles). Paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomal formulation (TGP-E) was optimized and evaluated in\nterms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI)\nand morphology. TGP-E was prepared by the hot injection method and optimized by single-factor\ntests and an orthogonal experimental design. The optimized paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomes had....................
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